Difference between revisions of "Linux utils"

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= Utils =
 
= Utils =
 +
* [[ css ]]
 +
 +
* [[ Git cheatsheet ]]
 +
* [[ IO Utils ]]
 +
* [[ json ]]
 +
* [[ kubernetes ]]
 +
* [[ Memory Utils ]]
 +
 +
* [[ Network Utils ]]
 +
* [[ Process Utils ]]
 +
* [[ xml ]]
 +
 +
=== Replace all occurrences of a string in a folder ===
 +
ubuntu?
 +
find /home/user/ -type f | xargs sed -i  's/a.example.com/b.example.com/g'
 +
mac:
 +
<pre>
 +
LC_ALL=C find . -type f -name "*.html" -exec sed -i '' "s/UA-47088821-3/UA-47088821-4/" {} +
 +
</pre>
 +
 +
=== last 3 accessed files ===
 +
  find . -type f -exec stat -c '%X %n' {} \; | sort -nr | awk 'NR==1,NR==3 {print $2}'
 +
 +
=== last 3 modified files ===
 +
  find . -type f -exec stat -c '%Y %n' {} \; | sort -nr | awk 'NR==1,NR==3 {print $2}'
 +
 +
=== Find 10 largest files in a folder ===
 +
 +
  du -a /var | sort -n -r | head -n 10
 +
  du -a .    | sort -n -r | head -n 15
 +
 +
For mac:
 +
 +
du -a . | sort -n -r | head
 +
 +
Limit how much logs journalctl keeps:
 +
 +
  journalctl --vacuum-time=2d
 +
  journalctl --vacuum-size=500M
 +
 +
=== Count Lines in a Folder ===
 +
find . -name "*js" -print | grep -v node_modules | xargs cat | grep -v "^//" | grep -v "^$" | wc -l
 +
 +
 +
=== cut after ag for shorter lines ===
 +
 +
ag <your-search-keyword> | cut -c-800
 +
 +
=== increase number of open files, file descriptors ===
 +
 +
From: /etc/security/limits.conf
 +
<pre>
 +
* - nofile 131072
 +
 +
*    soft nofile 64000
 +
*    hard nofile 64000
 +
root soft nofile 64000
 +
root hard nofile 64000
 +
</pre>
 +
 +
Reload services after making changes, logout.
 +
 +
=== count open files ===
 +
lsof | wc -
 +
Per user:
 +
lsof | grep ' opera ' | awk '{print $NF}' | sort | wc -l
  
 
=== Set date ===
 
=== Set date ===
 
  sudo date --set "25 Sep 2013 15:00:00"
 
  sudo date --set "25 Sep 2013 15:00:00"
  
−
=== check disks on ubuntu ===  
+
=== Get date in milliseconds ===
−
  sudo lsblk
+
  date -d 2017-05-05 +%s
  
−
=== Mount a block devise ===
 
  
−
From: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-block-storage-on-digitalocean
 
  
−
parted /dev/sda mklabel gpt
+
== Disks, Storage ==
−
parted -a opt /dev/sda mkpart primary ext4 0% 100%
+
−
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda
+
−
mkdir -p /data
+
−
'/dev/sda /data ext4 defaults,nofail,discard 0 2' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
+
−
mount -a
+
  
−
=== check that a node is pingable in bash ===
+
=== check disks on ubuntu ===  
−
while ! ping -c1 bjjc_spec_22.ubuntu14 &>/dev/null; do :; done ;
+
  
−
=== how to tell if port 80 is listening? ===
+
  sudo lsblk
−
telnet?
+
  
−
=== how do I know if the system trusts the certificate? ===
+
=== Mount a block device ===
−
you use curl.
+
  
−
=== how to tell if port 80 is listening? What is listening on a particular port? ===
+
From: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-block-storage-on-digitalocean
−
netstat -plnt
+
  
−
=== ubuntu vpn ===
+
  parted /dev/sda mklabel gpt
−
https://hide.me/en/vpnsetup/ubuntu/openvpn/
+
  parted -a opt /dev/sda mkpart primary ext4 0% 100%
 +
  mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda
 +
  mkdir -p /data
 +
  '/dev/sda /data ext4 defaults,nofail,discard 0 2' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
 +
  mount -a
  
 
=== Find large files ===
 
=== Find large files ===
Line 42: Line 101:
 
  dd if=/dev/urandom of=/var/log/mongodb/randomFile bs=1M count=200
 
  dd if=/dev/urandom of=/var/log/mongodb/randomFile bs=1M count=200
  
−
=== Add ssh key to a server ===
 
−
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh user@hostname 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'
 
−
 
−
=== Add identity to a server ===
 
−
ssh-copy-id -i ~.ssh/key_name.pub user@host
 
  
 
=== Create a user ===
 
=== Create a user ===
−
useradd? adduser?
 
  
 
  su - <username>
 
  su - <username>
Line 55: Line 108:
 
  usernameusedforlogin ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
 
  usernameusedforlogin ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
 
  sudo adduser --disabled-password <username>
 
  sudo adduser --disabled-password <username>
−
(and there is deluser)
 
−
(I don't think I need this: usermod -aG sudo username ) - for making him a sudoer
 
  
−
=== Establish a simple ssh port forward ===
+
add user to group:
  
−
10.0.0.x is public, 10.0.1.x is private. Do:
+
usermod -a -G wheel niceguy
 +
useradd -g wheel niceguy ## only is user doesn't exist!
  
−
sudo sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
+
or in rhel:
−
sudo iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -d 10.0.0.229 --dport 2270 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.1.224:22
+
−
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -j MASQUERADE
+
  
−
=== Reset Chef UI Password ===
+
  passwd -f -u deploy
−
  sudo -u opscode-pgsql /opt/chef-server/embedded/bin/psql opscode_chef
+
  (and there is deluser)
−
  update osc_users set hashed_password = '$2a$12$y31Wno2MKiGXS3FSgVg5UunKG48gJz0pRV//RMy1osDxVbrb0On4W' , salt ='$2a$12$y31Wno2MKiGXS3FSgVg5Uu' where username ='admin';
+
  (I don't think I need this: usermod -aG sudo username ) - for making him a sudoer
  
−
and login with user 'admin' and password 'password'.
+
useradd? adduser?
  
−
=== mongo add member to cluster ===
+
adduser : add user with full profile and info (pass, quota, permission, etc.) adduser is friendlier in that it sets up the account's home folders and other settings (e.g. automatically loading system stats and notifications on login),
−
operaeventrsX:PRIMARY> rs.add("10.138.96.89")
+
 
−
operaeventrsX:PRIMARY> rs.conf()
+
whereas useradd just creates the user
  
−
=== install redis ===
 
−
From: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-configure-a-redis-cluster-on-ubuntu-14-04
 
−
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:chris-lea/redis-server
 
−
sudo apt-get update
 
−
sudo apt-get install redis-server
 
−
redis-benchmark -q -n 1000 -c 10 -P 5
 
  
−
=== Networking ===
 
−
[[ utils-network ]]
 
  
 
=== Delete files older than 5 days ===
 
=== Delete files older than 5 days ===
 
  find /path/to/files* -mtime +5 -exec rm {} \;
 
  find /path/to/files* -mtime +5 -exec rm {} \;
 +
find /path/to/files* -type f -mtime +5 -exec rm {} -v \;
 +
 +
=== get children of a process ===
 +
pgrep -P $your_process1_pid
 +
 +
=== restrict resources given to a process ===
 +
 +
sudo apt-get install cgroup-bin -y
 +
sudo cgcreate -g memory:/rmGroup
 +
sudo
 +
  echo $(( 500 * 1024 * 1024 )) > /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/rmGroup/memory.limit_in_bytes
 +
  # echo $(( 5000 * 1024 * 1024 )) > /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/rmGroup/memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes # swap only
 +
# cgexec -g memory:rmGroup <command>
 +
cgexec -g memory:rmGroup find cache/ -type f -mtime +10 -exec rm {} -v \;

Latest revision as of 19:11, 29 September 2024

Utils

Replace all occurrences of a string in a folder

ubuntu? 

find /home/user/ -type f | xargs sed -i  's/a.example.com/b.example.com/g'

mac: 

 LC_ALL=C find . -type f -name "*.html" -exec sed -i '' "s/UA-47088821-3/UA-47088821-4/" {} +

last 3 accessed files

 find . -type f -exec stat -c '%X %n' {} \; | sort -nr | awk 'NR==1,NR==3 {print $2}'

last 3 modified files

  find . -type f -exec stat -c '%Y %n' {} \; | sort -nr | awk 'NR==1,NR==3 {print $2}'

Find 10 largest files in a folder

 du -a /var | sort -n -r | head -n 10
 du -a .    | sort -n -r | head -n 15

For mac: 

du -a . | sort -n -r | head

Limit how much logs journalctl keeps: 

 journalctl --vacuum-time=2d
 journalctl --vacuum-size=500M

Count Lines in a Folder

find . -name "*js" -print | grep -v node_modules | xargs cat | grep -v "^//" | grep -v "^$" | wc -l


cut after ag for shorter lines

ag <your-search-keyword> | cut -c-800

increase number of open files, file descriptors

From: /etc/security/limits.conf 

* - nofile 131072

*    soft nofile 64000
*    hard nofile 64000
root soft nofile 64000
root hard nofile 64000

Reload services after making changes, logout.

count open files

lsof | wc -

Per user: 

lsof | grep ' opera ' | awk '{print $NF}' | sort | wc -l

Set date

sudo date --set "25 Sep 2013 15:00:00"

Get date in milliseconds

date -d 2017-05-05 +%s


Disks, Storage

check disks on ubuntu

 sudo lsblk

Mount a block device

From: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-block-storage-on-digitalocean 

 parted /dev/sda mklabel gpt
 parted -a opt /dev/sda mkpart primary ext4 0% 100% 
 mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda
 mkdir -p /data
 '/dev/sda /data ext4 defaults,nofail,discard 0 2' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
 mount -a

Find large files

find / -xdev -type f -size +100M

see timestamps in history

echo 'export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%d/%m/%y %T "' >> ~/.bashrc ; source ~/.bashrc

Generate large random file

dd if=/dev/urandom of=/var/log/mongodb/randomFile bs=1M count=200


Create a user

su - <username>
sudo visudo -f /etc/sudoers
usernameusedforlogin ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
sudo adduser --disabled-password <username>

add user to group: 

usermod -a -G wheel niceguy
useradd -g wheel niceguy ## only is user doesn't exist!

or in rhel: 

passwd -f -u deploy
(and there is deluser)
(I don't think I need this: usermod -aG sudo username ) - for making him a sudoer

useradd? adduser?

adduser : add user with full profile and info (pass, quota, permission, etc.) adduser is friendlier in that it sets up the account's home folders and other settings (e.g. automatically loading system stats and notifications on login),

whereas useradd just creates the user


Delete files older than 5 days

find /path/to/files* -mtime +5 -exec rm {} \;
find /path/to/files* -type f -mtime +5 -exec rm {} -v \;

get children of a process

pgrep -P $your_process1_pid

restrict resources given to a process

sudo apt-get install cgroup-bin -y
sudo cgcreate -g memory:/rmGroup
sudo
 echo $(( 500 * 1024 * 1024 )) > /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/rmGroup/memory.limit_in_bytes
 # echo $(( 5000 * 1024 * 1024 )) > /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/rmGroup/memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes # swap only
# cgexec -g memory:rmGroup <command>
cgexec -g memory:rmGroup find cache/ -type f -mtime +10 -exec rm {} -v \;
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